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diff --git a/fix-duplicate-mail-uids.sh b/fix-duplicate-mail-uids.sh
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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# fix-duplicate-uids.sh - Automatically fix duplicate UIDs in maildir
+#
+# this is needed because sometimes iOS mail and mbsync download or move the same
+# file, and i end up with UID collisions. if i just delete the UID from the
+# filename, then mu will generate a new one that doesn't collide.
+
+# Configuration - edit these paths as needed
+MAIL_DIR="$HOME/Mail"
+
+# Color output helpers
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# Create secure temporary files
+TEMP_FILE=$(mktemp)
+trap 'rm -f "$TEMP_FILE"' EXIT
+
+# Process each mailbox separately
+find "$MAIL_DIR" -type d -name cur | while read -r mailbox_cur; do
+    # Get the actual mailbox path (parent of cur)
+    mailbox=$(dirname "$mailbox_cur")
+    mailbox_name=$(basename "$mailbox")
+
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Checking mailbox: ${mailbox}${NC}"
+
+    # Find duplicate UIDs in this specific mailbox
+    find "$mailbox_cur" -type f -name "*,U=*:*" \
+      | sed -E 's/.*,U=([0-9]+).*/\1/' \
+      | sort \
+      | uniq -c \
+      | awk '$1 > 1 {print $2}' \
+      > "$TEMP_FILE"
+
+    if [ ! -s "$TEMP_FILE" ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${GREEN}No duplicate UIDs found.${NC}"
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    echo -e "  ${YELLOW}Found $(wc -l < "$TEMP_FILE") duplicate UID(s).${NC}"
+
+    # Process each duplicate UID
+    while read -r uid; do
+        echo -e "  ${YELLOW}Fixing duplicate UID: ${uid}${NC}"
+
+        # Find all files with this UID in the current mailbox
+        files=$(find "$mailbox_cur" -type f -name "*,U=${uid}:*" | sort)
+
+        # Find the oldest file with this UID (by creation time)
+        oldest_file=""
+        oldest_time=9999999999
+
+        while read -r file; do
+            # Extract the timestamp from the filename (typical maildir format)
+            timestamp=$(basename "$file" | cut -d. -f1)
+            if [[ $timestamp =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+                if [ "$timestamp" -lt "$oldest_time" ]; then
+                    oldest_time=$timestamp
+                    oldest_file=$file
+                fi
+            else
+                # If we can't extract timestamp from filename, use the file's mtime
+                file_time=$(stat -c %Y "$file")
+                if [ "$file_time" -lt "$oldest_time" ]; then
+                    oldest_time=$file_time
+                    oldest_file=$file
+                fi
+            fi
+        done <<< "$files"
+
+        echo "    Keeping original: $(basename "$oldest_file")"
+
+        # Rename all other files with this UID (removing the UID part)
+        while read -r file; do
+            if [ "$file" != "$oldest_file" ]; then
+                new_file=$(echo "$file" | sed -E 's/(.*),U=[0-9]+:(.*)/\1\2/')
+                echo "    Renaming: $(basename "$file") → $(basename "$new_file")"
+                mv "$file" "$new_file"
+            fi
+        done <<< "$files"
+    done < "$TEMP_FILE"
+done
+
+echo -e "${GREEN}Fix complete! Run 'mbsync -a' to resync with new UIDs.${NC}"